Clarke



Oct. 23, 1923. 1,471,685

E. RUSSELL-CLARKE CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 9, 1919 3 Sheets-Sheet l Oct. 23, 1923. 1,471,685

E. RUSSELL-CLARKE CALCULAT ING MACHINE Filed Dec. 9, 1919 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Oct. 23 1923. 1,471,685

E. RUSSELL-CLARKE CALGULAT ING MACH INE Filed Dec. 9, 1919 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 f W- m Patented Oct. 23, 1923.

UNITED STATES EDWARD RUSSELL-CLARKE. DECEASED,

PATENT OF FlCE.

BY rnancns MAUI) nussaLL-cLai-txa.

OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

Application filed December 9, 1919. Serial No. 343,631.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Mrs. FRANons Mano RUssELiflCL uum, a subject of the King of Great Britain, and residin at London, in England, sole executrix of l owano RUSSELIr CLARKE, late a subject of the King of Great Britain, who invented certain new and use ful Improvements in Calculating Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to calculating machines and has for its object to combine with a typewriting machine a machine capable of performing multiplication and also with or without means for performingaddition and subtraction.

According to this invention a typewrit ing machine of known construction provided with numeral keys and tabulatin'g keys which serve to determine'the position 'of the paper in the typewriting-machine relative to the printing point is superimposed on a calculating machine in which multiplication is performed-by thedepression of denomination selectingandnumeral keys so disposed that they can be directlyoperated by the tabulating' and-numeral keys respectively of the typew'riting machine. The numeral keys *of the calculat ng ma--- chine are only operative} in feeding items into the machine to the extent determined bythe-preliminary depression' of a denomination selecting keyfso that until a 'tabiilating key in' 'the'typewriting machine is de-- pressed iii oxdentobririg the paper relatively to the printing 'point' into a quantity or price position'the calculator-is not actuated and then only to the extent determined by the value of the 't'abulating key which has been depressed. Otherwise the 'typewriter is available for ind e'pendent writing inwl'lich the numeral keys nay be emplayed. The calculatingmachine is 'in tended to perform sums such as the cost of any number of articles, the individual" price of which is known but it may equallv well be constructed to deal in the same way with various ineasuresfsuchi as those of weight. length, capacity or the like. The multiplying machine is preferably combined with totaliz'er mechanism which performs addition or subtraction with the results obtained from that part of the ma chine in which multiplication is performed. The construction of this calculator as to the part in which multiplication is performed and as to the part in which addition and subtraction are performed is detailed in the specifications of the'present inventors concurrent applications for United States of America Letters Patent Serial Nos. 343,629 and 343,630, both filed December 9, 1919.

The multiplying machine with or without. the totalizer mechanism is so combined, with the typewriting machinetha'tthelat' ter may be removed and without alteration or adjustmment' used in the ordinaryw'ay apart from the calculator while on the other hand the calculator-may similarly be used for performing sums independently of the typewriter thekeys being directly 'I'nanipu lated by the fingers. I

In the accompanying drawingswhichil lustrate one construction'of theimproved" calculating 'm aohine f, ""ZJII" '75 Figure l isa front'elevatioii Fof the'ma-f chine. 1.

Figur'e 2'is an elevation of. the left hand side of the machine.

Figure 3 is a'sectional elevation tak'ejg n E or about the centre of 'Figure1 and show; ing on an enlarged scaletheiprincipal feaj tures in the construction of'them'a'chine in; so far as they relate to'the seaawemaaba: nism of the multiplying machineand1 the" operation 'of the adding'andisiibtraetih gf mechanism. In this viewp arts are omitted and others shown somewhat "magi-mamas}. cally while themechani'sm comprised-in; the rear portion of'the machine isfnotiiic'liidedi. The drawing isj'arraniged enerally with the" object of illustrating the manner: biotaating and the relationship between the typewriting machine and,'the;chi ef features of i the multiplying and adding ineclianismsdescribed in the specificationso'f the' honour-1' rent patent applications above referredltd;

Like letters indicatedike parts thlbingihout the drawingsl' i It may be noted that for convenience in reading the present description. and in'ter preting the drawings in conjunction with. the specifications and drawings of the concurrent patent applications wherein thei mechanisms and their operation are Lqenerally described in more detailthan is here necessary, the several parts of those mechanisms which appear in the present drawings are hereinafter referred to by the same letters of reference as, havebeenutilized in referring to those parts in the specifications of the concurrent applications. The capital letters of the alphabet are used to indicate parts in the other specification which describes the part of the calculating machine in which multiplication is performed. On the other hand the small letters of the alphabet are used to indicate those parts which constitute the adding mechanism and are referred to in the'otherspecification describing that mechanism, but in thatcase the corresponding capital letters of the-alphabet are used. T-hesmall letters of the alphabet are here employedto pre ent confusion with the similarly letteredmarts of themultiplying mechanism;

The typewriting machine which is here more particularly described and illustrated by way of exampleisof the well known Remington type andjsprovided with a.se riesof letter kevsdisposcd ,in the-fore part of the keyboard, a series of numeral; keys arranged behind the-letter keys, and ase-ries of tabulating keysplaced behind the nu.- meral keys- The-tabulating keys operate in a known manner. to determine the-position of the paper on thecarriagorelatively to the printing point. and are. intended'to be employed for example, when typing a succession of money sums such as. occurin a hillor statement of account so that the figures in the several lines may appear in their proper relative positions beneatheach other. It may be noted that the calculatingmachine hereafter described; and illustrated in the drawings is constructed so=as to=en-.-

able it to deal, with sums. involvingany numberof articles up to- 99' at any price from one penny. up to 919 11. Itwill be understood however that the machine may be constructed .to have a larger capacity.

or if necessary. to deal with other.- monetary systems or either weights or measures. The limitations in the capacity of the present machine are merely for convenience and the simplification of the construction for purposes of description and illustration.

As will be seen in Figure l the typewriting machine is-provided with ten tabulating keys A A all ofwhich are not arranged or shown as, being operative on the calculating mechanismowing to the limited capacity of the latter. The kcys-,A A which-are thus operative are five in numberand are respectivelymarked in the drawingwith thcir values. Thus theikey-on the-extreme left. of: the row. is used to tabulate or .position the paper on the carriage for unit pence and= unit articles, The next-kcv to the right of it is. used for. tabulatina for tens of pence and tens of articles. The next operative key towards the right is for tabulatingc for unit shillings. and, that next to it for tens of shillings. Finally the fifth operative tabulating key is for dealing with unit pounds.

The numeral keys B B are eleven in mun be! of which ten marked from l to 0 run ning from the left hand side of the. machine. form the row immediately in front of the tabulator keys. The eleventh key B B is situated at the extreme right hand end of the rowof letter keys which lies in front of the row of numeral keys. This key, which may be referred to as the ten key. is specifically marked and together with the 0 key. which is just behind it, is only employed, so far as the calculatinp mechanism is concerned, when dealing with the prices of articles involving tenpence or elevenence.

Each tabulating key lever A A is pro. vided with a downwardly directed. projection A A and each numeral key lever B B is provided with a similar projection B B as clearly shown in Figure 2. The provision of the projections A A and B B as additions to, the existing tabulating and mu meral key levers ma not be necessary if these levers orany of them are so formed originally, as to operate on the keys of the calculating machine in the desired manner.

The calculating mechanism is operated by two series of keys which correspond to-and are actuated by, the tabulatingand numeral keys of the typewriting machine.- There are five-denomination selecting keys A re spectively corresponding in position andv value to the five tabulatingrkeys A A. There are eleven numeral keys B: and 13 respectively corresponding in position and value to the numeral keys B B and B- BF; The multiplying machine isv so constructed that the numeral keys B are onl operative to feed items into the machine as and to the extent determined by the preliminary de pression ofa denomination selecting key A. Hence unless a tabulatingkey A A has been depressed and by means of it the corrcspending denomination selecting key A. the depression of any one of the. numeral keys B B has no effect in the calculating mechanism even though the have B are necessarily depressed by the keys B B. It is thus nossible to use freely. the numeral keys B B for the purpose of writing matter in respect of which no calculation is required. When however a tabulating key A A has been depressed the numeral keys B of the multiplying machine are thereby rendered alive and subsequent depression of anyone of them as a result of. depressing a typewriter key B B causes actuation of the calculating mechanism. The value of the tabulating key which is first depressed determines the extent to which the numeral kevs are subsequently rendered alive" so that in aceordauce ith this value. after one or more numeral keys have been depressed, these keys once more cease to be alive and can then be again freely used Without perform ingcaleulating functions' The principal parts of the calculatin; machine may be enumerated as follows 1- :1. Selective mechanism controlled and p erated by the tabulating keys A. A and numeralkcys B B through the denomination selecting keys A and numeral keys B.

2 A series of product plates which are positioned by stops set up by the selective mechanism when the keys are depressed to feed any sum into the machine.

3. Adding mechanism by means of which the several products are collected and the total resultant product constituting the an swer to the multiplication sum that has been performed is presented.

4.1Totalizing mechanism by means of which the successive total products are added together or by means of which subtraction can be performed with these products.

5. Actuuting mechanism by means of which after the necessary data has been fed into the machine by depression of the keys that various parts of the whole machine are caused. to perform their several functions soi.as:t,o produce the desired result and present the answer to the multiplicationsum' and theanswer to the addition or subtractioir'rsumwhich has been performed with the ploductshe totalizing mechanism referred to un der the fourth head above'together with the actuatingymeehanism thereof maybe separate -anddetacl1able= from the mechanism which. performs.the= multiplication so that if-.not required the latter may be used without the totalizing mechanism which can beiremoved -or.need not be provided-if it is only necessary to ascertain the simple products. v

The mechanism comprised in the multiplying. and adding parts of the machine are fullydescribedand illustrated in the specifications of the; concurrent patent-applicationsabove. referred to but their general construction, operation and relation are hereunder referred to and illustrated in. the drawings so. asrto make clear the manner in which the complete machine is operated by means of and in conjunction with a typewriting machine.

The principal feature of the selective mechanism is a series of horizontally dis-' posed rods M the longitudinal movement of each of which causes the setting up of a stop 0 through a plate 0 so that the end of the stop serves to position a product plate P. These product plates are conveniently disposed in groups each plate being: pmvideduvith V-shaped guides by means of which it is positioned. by the stops 0 which may he set up ill acrordauce with the value like a chess-boar represented by the stops. The front ends of the stop-settin rods M are all grouped ii in rows parallel in two directions.=.and' in one plane which planeis at right angles to the plane of the paper in the view-,ofi the mechanism shown in Figure 3. A series of knives B which are vertically disposed side by side face the ends of the stopsetting rods M and each knife by the depression of a numeral key B is reciprocatedtowards or between the grouped ends of the setting rods M. These ends can be shifted in horizontal rows at right angles to the knives by means of notched platesK so as to bring the ends of all therQdsMinany selected row into the. paths of. theknives B. i

Each numeral key and also the key 13" is mounted on one arm of a two armed lever B B pivoted at B. ,The free end 'of each key lever armvB -is rounded and engages a recess in the end of the arm B of a twoarined lever pivoted at D. The other arm B of this lever is (pivotally connected .to a horizontallyexten ing portion of one ofthe knives B-. The "portion of the knife to which the lever B -isconnected is ,forked at B to, engage a rod Bl; Which'guides the knife B-=so that itwillalways remainver-m tical. By means. of these. lever. connectionsv the depressionsof aenumeralh-key -B Willi; cause a :knife Bfito benmoved towards the grouped ends oiithe-stopsettingfrods. M and will push in the manner described-those rods which have been set out,- 'mto;the.path of. the

knife. By. means -of.a similar;.,arrangement of levers operated through'a-bar B which liesbeneath all the numeral; {key levers B and is carried afliitsiends on;; two lei-u vers B pivoted on the 'a-Xis B?;-one l cnifenis always 1"ec iprocated whenever any one. of the numeralqkeys'B o'r'Bfzis depressed. A- bar D carried -on,.two.armed. levers D :D.

pivotedv at-D ipso-rpositioned.with relation to thearms B? of the=key levers'thatwheuever a numeral ,key is: depressed heJavor; B will strike the bar,D;and move the-lever D. The latter hasia second armDflwhichf extends downwards and-,- serves ';to operate an eseapementhereinafter tobe. more par- -ticular-ly referre'dto. e

'I'he endsof' the stop setting ro'ds are set out into the paths of; the knives according to the selection efiected. by; means of a series of cams-F F arranged-in pairson a.

vertically disposed rotatable cam shaft'F. These'cams pushlaterally the notched plates K which as mentioned carry the-en'dsof the stop setting rods M. Rotation is imparted by longitudinally moved rods similartothe engages the two arms stop setting rods M but these stops so; act that until they are withdrawn by't-he lon= gitudinal movement ofthei r'rods thein hibit the movement of the product p ates: These; latterare arranged in two main groups andone inhibiting stop controls all the product plates inone group, those in the' other-group" 1min 'simllarly' controlled. There are also=inhi iting-stops' for eacli ing di i idual row of 'stop settin' rod s'M Th'ese inhibiting stops and the ro s whi'ch operate them are-not'showniii thedrawings ofthe present case bun-they are actuated by a knife such as B" into tlie pat-h of whioh the ends 05 these rods can be set out in=the same way as -the-end s' of the rods M: The knife which aotson the inhibitingstop rods is=actua1 ed bythe bar B which already described isso pesitioned that thed'epression-ofa keylever' imparts= movement to the lever B: Hence depression of an number key operates not'only the knife directly connected theretobut also t-hat ki1ife' which acts on .the inhibitina stop rods.

Each denomination selecting keyl' A v is mountedononearm A of atwo armed lever pivoted at/"A- the' other arm of this lever A being-downwardly directed and lying'adiacentto the differentially actuated plate A rod C'carried by two levers pivoted-on the flgtis A lies against all the levers A operatedby the denomination selecting keys so-that whenever one of these keys A is depressed a lever A moves thelever C and operates the parts connected thereto. A projectibn -C"fron1"theend of the-lever C engages 'apawl H which acts'on theescapement wheel G;

Tlie-endof the lever'D which is T shaped J Jof a pawl which acts on the escapement wheel' G1 One"- end oftthe T-shaped part oft-helever D also act'son a tail H"of the-pawl Al spring not shown in the drawings-exerts a constant puil 'on the difierentiaily actuated plate E tending to move it horizontally-'towardethe right hand part'of the machine and when this plate is=allowed to move by the action ofthis spring it imparts rotation to'- the cam shaft I through the rack E and pinion- F This movement js ermitted to a predetermined extent and inefinite-steps as a result of the'depression ofimtabulating key A K and adenominationselecting key A whom operated by the numeral keys B" B 1 ,ewrees and B. On the upper edge of the differentially actuated plate are a series of projections which correspond to the rotary positions of the cam shaft F as determined by the path ofthe ratchet wheel G and these positions bear delinite relations to the se quence of the operations performed when manipulating the numeral and denomination selecting keys for the purpose of performing a sum with the marhine.

The operation of the selective mechanism as the keys of the typewriter machine are manipulated may now be described in general terms.

The fii'ststep is to depress 'a tail-dieting e A.Awhi ch results as already mentioned in renderingthe calculating mechanism alirein consequence of the depression of the corresponding denomination selecting key A: The-process of rendering. the machine alive resnlts from the end of the lever A acting on the'har C- and so lilting the pawl Hclear'of theratchet wheel G. Simultaneously'the end of the lever A is thrown into the-path of one of the projections on the upper edge of the diflerentially actuated plate I) with the result that though the pawl H has hEGIbllffEt'l'ClQfiI of the ratchet wheel G the cam shaft F can only rotate to the extent permitted'by the distance that the plate E IS able to move before this'movemcnt is checked by'a projection on the differentially actuated plate meeting the end of the lever A. Directly the key A A is released the end of the lever A is disengaged from the differentially actuated plate projection but further movement except to a slight extent of the plate E cannot take place owing to the pawlH nowen aging one of the teeth of the ratchet wheel As alread mentioned the product plates are-arranger. in two groups andthe stop setting rods M are similarly grouped where their ends are presented in the lmivesB". The first group in the present machine comprises the upper rows of stopsetting rods and deals with tens of articles" at pounds, shillings and pence. The lower rows comprise rows of stop setting rods comprising the second group dealing with unit articles at pounds, shillinzrs and pence; The extent to which the dificrcntially actuated plate F1 moves and consequentlythe cam shaft F' and ratchet wheel i rotate when a tabulating key is depressed is lII'flCCOl'dflHCB with the value of this key. At this stage of the operations when dealing with such a sum as is intended to be per formed by the machine it is only desired to designate thenumber of articles Whose total price is to be ascertained. Consequently the tabulating key which is struck is cithei for units or tens of articles and the cam shaft rotates accordingly. Owing to this rotation-of theoam'shaft F certain of the cams F" F" have acted on the corresponding notched plates K and shifted the ends of certain of the stop setting rods M so as to bring them into the paths of the knives B In order to write on the paper in the typewriting machine the number of articles in question the necessary numeral keys B B are now depressed. As each of these keys is depressed aknii'e B" is moved forward against the ends of the stop setting rods M presented to it'and these 'rods nrepushed and the correspondin stops 0 are set up for the positioning ot the product plates. Atthe same time owing tothe movement imparted to the lever D D, through the action or" each numeral key lever arm B. on the bar D, movement has beenim arted to the pawl J and also to the pawl I through its tail H. 'In this way further step-hy-step rotation of the cam shaft F is permitted until the one or more digits comprising'the number of articles'in thesum have been written" when the ratchet wheel G 'will havereached a point where it isso engaged 'bythe pawl H that further depression of any of the numeral keys will'have no effect on the calculating mechanism-until'another tabulating key has been depressed. The calculating mechanism has nown'nce' more 'ceased to be alive and as a'result it is possible to write other figures with the riumeral 'keys when operating the calculating-mechanism: This arrangement is'of-impbrtance'a's it enables many forms of bill or statement to be written out by'the typewriting machine whichiinvolves the use of other figures be ond those actually forming part oftheca culation tobe performed by the machine. Thus for instance it may be supposed'that' it is-desired to write-out such a statement as thefo'llowing 1-17 pieces of car etifi quality' -1750 each 3 yards by 6 at 1. 4. n writingthis the machine is only rendered alive-by; depression of the necessary tabulating keyfor the tens .of articles and after the two digits making up the figure l'i' have been typed the'machine ceases to be alive and the other numeral keys necessary to write the figures involved in the designation of the material can be employed without effect on the calculating part of the mechanism. Other matter which itxmay be desired to setidown maynow be typed freely and it isnot until the operator wishes that the calculating machine again becomes alive. It is then'necessaryto depress the tabulating key correspondingto the'lirst digit of the price accordingit o whether this priceis pounds, shillings or 'pence or any combination thereofi If the sum representing. the price .of'the articles involves pounds, the corresponding tabnlating key 'A A is depressed which renders the calculatihgiinachine alive and depression ofthe numeral key. follows. Since, as already mentioned, the present machine is constructed'asshown'to deal only with a price sum involving unit pounds it is only provided with a unit pounds tabulating or selective key A. Obviously, however, the machine may be constructed to deal with large sums when denomination selecting keys A are provided corresponding to all the tahulating keys A A of the typewriting machine which enable the paper on the carriage to be positioned for tens of pounds, hundreds of )ounds, and so forth.

Vhen the pounds numeral key has been operated the pawls of the escapement are moved and the cam shaft permitted to rotate into a position for dealing with tens of shillings. If the price in question involves tens of shillings then the numeral keys for typing the figure can he depressed'and theselective mechanism accordingly ope-rated.) If, however, the price comprises only a unit number of shillings it is necessary to depress the unit shilling tabulatin'g'key in order to bring the paper into the necessary position and at the same time rotate t-hecam shaft to the extent necessary to enable'um't shillings to be dealt with inthe selective mechanism.

If the price of the articles is a'sum'comprising shillings only or shillings'and pence but, no poundsthen at the commencement of this stage of the operation." it is necessary to depress either the te'nsjof shilling-s or unit shillings tabulating key after which the necessary numeral keys are operated. Vllithout further operation of the 'tabulatirfg keys the mechanism is then in {a sum for the: nu metal keys corresponding-to the penceto be de r d 1: it ti 9.."

The -operation of'the-unhghitreif 10d. or 11d. occurs in the sum 130- be *dealt-w ithis to some entent'determinedby the numbering and arrangement of the numeral keys of the typewriting' -machine; In this machine which is more particularly here described and illustrated the eleven='keys BfB of'the typewriting machine as already mentioned are numbered consecutively from 1'=to;9, the last key'onthe right hand-side being marked 0 or with some special sign. The key B 13" is marked 10 or again with some distinctive sign. Pf 10d is to be written the key B B is lirst'depiessed'and then the ire 'B'B which is marked 0 while for lldtlie 'r'ey B B is first depressed and then the key B-iB marked 1. The depression of these keys in this order has the necessary action on the'escapementto effect thatrotation of the cam shaft which is necessary to operate the selective mechanism so that the proper stop rods maybe set up by the'knives B. Q=

Each of the product; plat/es P is a member so constructed and movable parallel (to itself in two directions into positions determinable by the'setting up of one or a pair of stops 0 that the member will indicate a product by its positionthe amount-of these products be ing ascertained-and added by mechanism.

which presents the total. Each plate carries amechanical representation of the products obtainable from that plate in the form of a series of pins the length of which is a meas' we of the. value of a product. \Vhen the prodnctplates have been positioned in accordance with the stops up by the selective mechanism the product values are as ccrtained by a series of fingers which when released feel the lengths of the product pins presented to them. '1 hese measures of lengths are then added together. This adding mechanismcomprises several units each of which is composed of a series of pulleys over which passes a flexible tape or the like of-which one end is fixed while the other end is connected ton template which can rotate or move into a position determined by the extent to which the tape is pulled or let out by the movement of one or more of the pulleys. In the present calculating machine each movable pulley is connected to a tinger by means of which the length of a productpin is felt so that the pulley makes a movement corresponding to the length of the productipin. 'Thus the value of any product is trans'erred into the adding unit and the sum 'of these products in that unit is represcnted by the positioning of the template. Each .of these templates is conveniently fomned as arotatable disc so cut or notched to varying depths as to correspond to the several integers with which the unit has to deal-that'the depth of the cutting or notches in theitemplate can be ascertainedor felt by a finger which in turn positions a inumber plate or equivalent. Such a template is showmatfS' in Fignres:2 and 3.

In the drawings accompanyiug the present specification .only one product plate ,P is shown somewhat diagrammatically in order to indicate its general position in the machine .bnt the-grouping and general operationdofutheseproduct plates is not shown. The'manner in which the-products ascertained-from the product plates are added in theseveral' addingunits is also omitted here butisffully described in'the specification of one *of the concurrent patent applications above referred to, Serial No. 343,629, filed December 9, 1919.

The finger which feels the'path of the notch in each template S is constituted by the'end of one arm U of a two-armed lever pivoted at c. The other arm a c of this lever-carries a quadrant c on the face of which sismarked successive numbers corresponding to the increments represented by theistepsor'notchesin the template S. As will beiunderstood thereare a series of templateis each with its finger lever U and quadrantal'nmn'ber plate a and all these quadrant carrying le'vers c 0' are normally held in the position indicated in Figure 3 by means of a bar A: which runs across the machine so that the feelers U cannot engage the templates. l/Vhen the templates have been positioned in accordance with the product totals the bar S is moved by the actuating mechanism and the quadrant levers c c are all allowed to drop into the positions determined by the templates S. The answer to the sum performed in the machine is then exhibited at the windows C C formed in the casing C C which closes machine (see Figure 1).

The mechanism of that. part of the machine in which multiplication is performed has now been described or genera ly indicated with the exception of the actuating mechanism, by means of which, after the data for the performance of a sum has been fed into the machine by depression of the keys of the typewriting machine the parts of the calculating machine are caused to perform their several functions which result in presentation of the answer. The main features of :the actuating mechanism are shown in Figure 2 at the/right hand side of the machine but it will be more convenient to refer to this mechanism in detail later on. It may be said here, however, that the operation of the actuating mechanism can be effected either by means of a hand lever which is rocked or oscillated at therequiied moment or, as in t-he-lmachine here illustrated, by means of a rotating wheel or crank which can be coupled tom power driven constantly rotating shaft when the mechanism is to be :put into operation.

The calculating machine may be constructed and used inthe form so-far de' scribed, that is-to-say, this machine may be arranged to perform;multiplication only .with 'the data supplied: to'it. Preferably, however,;as in theimachinenillustrated there iscombine'd-wit h it mechanism for per forming-addition or subtraction with the products ascertained from;the=multiplier and this adding mechanism will inow be described as regards its principalfeatures and genera method of operation. The detail construction of this adding mechanism is however fully described in the specification of my onpendingapplication for patent Serial No. 343.630, filed December 9, 1921.

The adding machine is built up of a se ries of cooperating-units each comprising a pair of pivota lv mounted concentric sectors one toothed on its concaveisideand the other toothed on its convex side. Lbdouble pinion carrying anumbered-wheel is so mounted on a movable member that the pinion can he brought into engagement with either of the sectors, the number wheelbeing locked against rotation except when the pinion and a sector are engaged. Each pair of sectors can he set or positioned in accordance with the value of an item fed into the machine when the value of a product is ascertained by feeling in the front of the one of the templates S by the finger U. After being so set the pinion of the corresponding number wheel is brought into engagement with one or other of the sectors according to whether addition or subtraction is to be performed and the sector is then moved back to its zero point, in so doing rotating the number Wheel to the extent determined by the original setting of the sector.

The several units which make up the complete machine are disposed side by side in positions opposite the templates S and so that they can be controlled simultaneously by rock shafts, levers and bars operated by rotating cams which receive motion from the main actuating mechanism of the machine. Certain of these cams are constantly acting but three other cams are provided which can be alternatively clutched to the main shaft for the purpose of actuating the mechanism in accordance with whether the machine is to be used for performing addition or subtraction with the roducts ascertained and fed into it, or i it is to be cleared, that is to'say, if any existing sum which may be set up in it is to be wiped out and the number wheels restored to zero.

The chief features of the mechanism comprised in one of these units will here be described and it; is to* be understood that the construction of all the units is substantially the same except for such detail differences as are necessary to enable the-several units to deal with different values namely, pence,

unit shillings ans of shillings,' unit pounds, tens of'pounds and soon.

The'curved toothsectors-a and b are both mounted concentrically on the-outer part c of one" of the quadrant -carrying levers, this part of the lever oonve'nientlyforming an angle withthe'pai't "c"adjacentto the shaft c on which the lever can'turn. On a horizontal frame member (1' is pivoted a. lever in the form of a pate e which is' inclined from its pivot ef 'tow'ard's thefront of the machine; v

The free end of this plate e'is forked as at. 'e" to engage a piii f on the end of a lever f keyed on a rock shaft fL On a stud: e projecting from 'one sidefoftheplate-e is mounted a double pinion g'. i That portion g of this pinion which has the larger diameter has teeth adapted 'to'engage the outer toothed rack a'which rack operates for the purpose of performing addition. The smaller part 9 of the pinion has teeth adapted to engage the inner rack b which performs the operation of subtraction. Connected to the double pinion g g is a number wheel having a peripheral flange g which is directed laterally from the plane of the wheel towards the face of the plate c. In the flange g are formed a series of cqnidistant notches which alternate with num bers engraved or otherwise marked on the outer face of the flange. These wheels are so placed that the numbers thereon can be successively presented to and read at windows C C formed in the casing of the machine (see Figure 1).

On a horizontal bar (1 forming part of the frame of the machine are disposed at intervals according to the positions of the number wheels a series of downwardly directed brackets d each of which carries on the side of the bracket adjacent to the numb wheel a lateral projection of. The shape and dimensions of this projection (1 are such that it can pass freely through any one of the notches in the flange r of the number wheel as this vrhcel is raised or lowered by the movement of the plate 6 about its pivot. it the movement of the plate 6 is checked at a mid-point the projection (1 will lie in one of the notches and lock the number wheel against rotation.

Adjacent to each bracket d but positioned over the face of each number wheel flange 9 is a downwardlydirected plate which can engage the end of a spring controlled lever which projects through one of the notches in the flange g and is carried by the number wheel. When this lever which constitutes a pawl is in engagement "with-this plate the number wheel is in its zero position.

As will be understood all the plates'e with the number wheels'and inions carried thereon can occupy three istinct positions according to the movement imparted to the ends of these plates by the levers f when the shaft is rocked.

The first and what may be called the normal position occupied by each plate e when the parts are in their initial or zero positions and ready for the performance of a calculation is that in which this plate is shown in Figure 3. Here the free end of the plate has been raised to its limit position in which the pinion g is in engagement with the outer toothed sector a. The projectiond now lies within the flange g of the number wheel which is therefore free in so far as obstruction by this projection 03 is concerned to be rotated by the movement- 0f the toothed sector a. In the second or intermediate position the plate e is partially lowered with the'result that the pinion g is removed from engagement 'with the toothed sector a but has not been'brought into engagement with the inner toothed sector b. In this position the projection d lies within one of the notches in the number wheel flange and this wheel is thus locked against rotation in whatever position it may have been set. In the third position when the plate :2 is lowered to its limit the pinion is in engagement with the inner toothed ST'Cl 'I' J The projection d has now passed which a carry through one ofthe notches in the'number wheel' flange and this wheel is again free to be rotated by movement of the sector lever c but in a direction opposite to that in which it is rotated -when:the pinion .g is in engagement with the-sector a.

It will be seen in Figure 3 that the bar It is not actually in contact with the lever c c but lies against part. of another lever'l which is pivotally inountedzori the'same shaft 0 as the lever c c. The leverl is connected to the-lever c c in a :yielding'inan ncr so tli'atmovcment imparted to-the-lever I by the bar A: is communicated'to th'e lever Norm-.rlly'the limitof the returnrniove- .ment of the lever c c is 'fixed thy a-stop which however when a carry occurs from one unit to another -is removedxso asxto per mit a'certain over movement of .the'lever :c c to hike .place. This over movementzis to the extent of one integer. The connection between the levers l and .0 0' allow-s this over movement to take place but 'Wllfilli'hB stop prevents this over movement ofrrthe lever 0-0 the connection between the-.ileve'rs yields-and permits the necessary full :movement to be imparted to the lever 'l by .the :bar In.

Details of the mechanism-by -means of is effected .from 'one unitr of theziadding mechanism tothe next-needmot be here described as they are fully? set forth in :the specification of the companion application describing theaadding mechanism.

The .manner in which the principalnparts .of this mechanismact ovhen performing-adiclition .or subtraction mayunow'ibe briefly described. It is to lief-noted that themech- .anism does not commence operations :Tuitil the ,main actuating mechanism set in meion.

When addition is to 'be gperformed the .first result of putting theactuatingmech' .unism into operation is to rock the shaft f so.as to .lower the p'latee from its tfirst or upper {position into its second or "intermediate position. This moves the pinion 19 out of engagcmentwith the outer toothed sector azand :locizs the number wheel by -engaging the projection (l with that -noteh in the number '\'heel {lange'w-hich is presented .to it. At this stage the carry mechanism is reset if it happens to have been employed in performing the previous operation. he sector levers c 0' have so far all been retained in their raised and zero positions by theaction of the bark. The bar k now moves away and all the-sector levers c c are allowed to turn on the shaft 6 and fall towards the front of the machineto the extents determined by the falling of the te1n- .lates S by the fingers U. The shaft f now once .more rocked so as to raise the plate 0 until the pinion g is again in engagement -with the outer toothed sector a.

.Fina'llytthe bank once more iiftsiall the-sector levers c ciemovingthem back .aga-in .to their zerozpositions. uhs each of these levers --moves it-causes-notation-bhrough thezpinion y of the eorrespondingnumberwheel so that this wheelhas nonbee'n-rotated-fhe' same number of iintegersms thesector hadxpre- -viously:been eallowerl 'to rialtbyrits template w" and iassuming ithat no carry-'hnsrtaken place into that unit mechanism. If aioarry hasmecurreththenithe:sector 'I'tlGUiVBSiZl-ll over rmowement soothe-extent of ,-one%integer rand the nuumber-nvheel i-syrotated to -a correvspondinglsfurther"extent. The answer iis fthusgpresente'd at the'windou's L and can bo'read'oflf.

i iv-hensubtractionis to be perfonroed'the initial operation of the actuating mechainis'nr )is the :same as in the case of :addition nameiy' tliezshaftif rockedeand 'the p'late Y -e' is flowered, fZOIIliiltS'fiISt' or-iu'pper :posi'tion ;-into -its intermediateposition. By -the removal ofwthe-bar rk the :sector rl'evers -c :c are -now permitted. to fall :into ithe: positions leterin-ined-by:theirtemplatcs. V'Ilhe shaft :is then once-morerockedho ms to lower ithegplate os'till furtheriand hriiigthe pinion 9 into enga ement-w'ith-the inner'toothecl -sector'b. 1 .10 bar ismow moved back .i 'gain :so 'asto :niise .theseetorz levers -c c -afnd= returmthemz to ,their :zero positions-in so ;:doing icaus'ing? the, martian of the-num- 1ber'whee'ls'but5as will be noted-ithis rota- :tion 1 takes iplaoe-airr a direction-which the reverse :dfy-that which oceurs' vdhen :nddition isibeing ipefformeds fiereialsoniffi ia carry is to be effected it is-ibmught ahout inithe same way as when,perfonmingmdditionby -means of'an over .movemenhpast 'the zero .position- .of eachssector lever. c 0.. when the sectors ,have been :freturned the plate e-is moved, up soas-tobring the. pinion g once more into-engagement .with'the outer sector -a when'the numbers on the wheels can be-read-ofl.

.Provision'is made for returningall the number wheels to zero so as to clear the -11]!!- chine in order wtostart a fresh series of operations; -.Th-is clearing is effected in the following ,manner and is brought about by suitable manipulation of the .actuating mechanism. In the first place by rocking the shaft: f. the ,plate eiis lowered into its intermediatepositionand while in this osition all the carry levers are reset. Next t ie-plate e-is-raised-iso-as bobring thepinion g into engagement-with the outer sector a. The bark nowwmovesaway so as to release the sector levers cc .which all fall forward and in so doing-rotatetheiraseveral pinions g and number wheels, the extent to which each of theseotor levers'can .move in this case is determined by .a'ipawl or ,detent lever which-as mentioned above is carried by each number .wheel and projecting through a the -"-eaaepre meiaakey the windowsf'C C: 1

notch in its flange is adapted to engage a plate carried by the bracket d This pic vents further rotati onlof'the number" wheel when it has reached itszero position. The plate e is now'again lowered into its inter mediate position. and all the'sector levers c 0 are raised totheir zero positions by the bar k] As will be noted the return move ment of the sectors in th s case has no ct feet on the number wheels. When the sectors and the number quadrants care all in their zero positions the plate'e is again raised so as to bring the pinion g once more into engagement with the sector '11. Thus at the end of the cycle the parts are in their respective positions in readiness for the commencement of a new operation, all the number wheels together withfiall the number qiiadrants c being'at zero.

The actuating mechanism by means of which parts of th ll ll e hineare caused to perform ltheirl s eyeral;functions may now'be described ingeneral terms. The details of this mechanism"'ar' cl early 'set forth in the specifications or thdrcndfirrent patent applications "alread referred' to. It may be remarked 'thz'i't tliefiiictnatirig mechanism here describ indie shown'in Figure 2. of the dlfaxvingsiisdntended to be op by pewe ibur .lthe breasty qua ly"'w l ".be bi hfil b fi by sh e l ver; j A 'puueyiwrre 1 a lei-provided this wheel being. 'c'on'sta 11y rotated? through belting or, otheI'W'iSQ, by some f s oil'rce of po b -i e ie et qmqfie i ne h w lever 2 clutch mechanism 'ontliekhaft on which p ll t y Ql l ld' b i to operation so that, ,thi "pulley is I now connected to; actuating: ,{ineclianisni and {b'eyrangedt e D e mbe when the; actuating are presented in the again of fan answeij" at ar Stepp ng nn vaat;t V

ments ofi themeclianism these figures. By

cycle it-is possible to read againdepressing the lever z the niechanism is once more connectedlto. the. sourc'eof powe and the cycle is completed when the answer to the sum- -performed .in the'adding part of the mechanism is presented at the windows C C When the clutch connection is in opera tion rotation of the pulley wheel :0 brings about rotation of the wheel t through gearing which comprises a wheel i gearing with a pinion, which is not shown, mounted on 343,630, "it'lchone bpe'i'ation of-this -actuatingmechanism is fi1l1y1 andclearly described in my-spcifica- Q e e e'fiie -fil.nl:l .i iila3ll-Pae I 'jNoJ-343fi29,'filed'December 9, 1919, inlwhich thei'construction of the multiplieris set "fdrth and it is therefore unnecessary to in- =7 As will'be seen from Fi is',stage in the 'plate a shaft co-axial with the pulley wheel at, and a pinion t" on the same shaft as the wheel 5 vwhich pinion 6 gears with the wheel t. The cams, which as already mentioned cause the variousparts of the adding mechanism to perform their several func tions, including-those cams Which-can be alternatively thrown into action according as the machine is to perform addition or subtraction or to be cleared, are mounted on the same shaft as the gear wheel 8". The addition',' subtraction and clearing cams are respectively thrown into operation by movement of a lever the end of which I? projects through an opening in the casing C C this lever being capable of being locked in each of the three positions which it can occupy. Hence when the lever t has been set rotation of the wheel 5 causes the desired cycle of movements in the adding mechanism to commence.

From a stud which constitutes a crank pin on the outer face of the gear wheel 6 runs a connecting rod V V the other end of which is pivotally connected to a lever V keyed on a shaft V. The lever V is in the form of a plate which carries certain sectors or cams V, V, and V and laterally projecting pins V and V. Part ofthe pin V" may be conveniently employed as the oint'of connection of the connecting rod-V V." As-the wheel t rotates the lever V isrocked towards "the front of the ma chine and in the course of its movement these sectors'or cams and pins act in determined order-andmanner on various levers suitably disposed for example the lever W the lever Y pivoted at Y'and the lever 'X'pivoted at X These levers 'act on certain portions of the mechanism ofthe'multiplier and cause them to perform"their -respective function in the required order as the lever V is rocked in direction and then in the other. The

tloi-F'of the concurrent application i Serial elude it here;

resl and 2 the pew'riting machine stan son the legs or studs D D with which these machines are uses- 11 provided these legs. resting von :1 disposed on the top of the calcu llating machine. 'Theltypewriting machine need not be permanently connected to the calculating machine but is preferably left so that it can readily be lifted off the cal culator. Thus the typewriting machine can at any time be removed and used in the ordinary way apart from the calculator. Similarly when the typewriting machine has been removed the calculating machine could be used separately for performing calculation the denomination selecting keys A and numeral keys B being preferably so formed that they can be operated by pressure from the fingers in the same way as the keys of a typewriting machine. It is thus apparent that while the two machines are distinct and can he used separately for their several purposes it is possible by mere superposition of the typewriting machine on the calculating machine to enable the calculator to be operated conjointly with the typewriting machine and by direct manipulation only of the ordinary keys of the latter. It will be seen that it ispossible to thus employ in conjunction with the calculating machine a knownform of typewriting machine without any alteration being necessary in the latter except theprovision or projections such as A A and B B on the typewriter key levers so that depressions of any one of these key levers will bring about depression of the corresponding keys A and B of the calculating machine. Even these slight alterations may not be necessary in some cases if the key levers of the typewriter are so formed as to act as desired on the keys of the calculator. Obviously the disposition of the calculating machine keys A and B must be such as to properly tit and cooperate with the keys of that make of typewriting machine with which it is to be used but the disposition of the keys of the calculating machine can be adapted to various makes of typewriting machine.

Thou hthe two machines arepreferably separab e in the manner described it will be apparent that they maybe permanently connected if desired or some meansmay be provided for locking the two machines; together in a manner which will permit them to be separated should occasion require.

Many details of construction-in the; whole machine may be varied to-meet requirements and the'particular purpose for-which the machine'is' to be used. EAflso themanner-fin which power is applied thereto for operating the actuatin mechanism may be varied as found desira lo and convenient.

What I claim as the invention of ED- wAnn R'UssmbCLanim deceased and desire to secure by Letters Patentis:-

1. In a calculating machine the combination of mechanisnnforperforming multiplication, denomination -selecting and numeral keys which actuate this mechanism th numeral keys being operative only to feed items into the machine as'and to the extent determined by the actuation of a denomination selecting key, a typewriting machine having tabulating and number keys, and means by which when the type writing machine is positioned on the calculatin machine the denomination selecting an numeral ke s of the latter will be respectively operate by the tabulating and number keys of the typewritiug machine so that as the tabulating keys when operated determine the position of the paper in the typewriting machine relatively to the printing point so will the denomination selecting keys of the calculator which are simultaneousl actuated determine the operation of the ca eulator asset forth.

2. In a calculating machine the combination of a typewriting machine having tabulating and numeral keys the former being operative to bring the paper relatively to the printing point into a quantity or price position, mechanism for performing multiplication, denomination selecting and numeral keys which actuate this mechanism the numeral keys being operative only to feed items into the machine as and to the extent determined by the actuation of a de nomination selecting key, these keys being positioned so that actuation of a tabulating key in :the typewriting machine will cause movement ot a denomination selecting key in the calculatingmach ine and actuation of a numeral key in the"typewriting machine will cause movement of a numeral key in the tabulating machine.

3. In a calculating machine the combination of mechanism for performing multi plication, denomination selecting and numeral keys which actuate this mec ianism, mechanism controlled by the denomination selecting ik'eys by 1 means of. which the calculating niechgimsm isji-en'dered alive and capable of be'mg operated by the numeral keys; :1. typ'ewritin machine having tabulating and numcra keysand adapted to be placed on the 'calculating"machine sotliat the tabulatingkeysof the typewriting machine willrespectivelyactuate the denomination selecting keys of'tliecalculating machine while the'nume'ral keys of the typewriti'ng' machine will respectively actuate the numeral keys of-the calculating machine, and totalizing mechanism actuated by the calculating machine as set forth.

In testimony whereof" I have signed my name to this specification.

FRANCES MAUD RUSSELL-CLARKE,

Sole Executrim of Edward Russell-Clarke, Deceased. 

